Network | Wireless Communication Mediums | 13
WIFI
Full form :-Wireless Local Area Network (WIFI)(Wireless Fidelity)
Definition:-
A wireless LAN is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building.
Frequency:
2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHz
Range:
150 to 300 feet
Applications:
Sharing of files, Accessing the Internet, Stream Audio to Wireless Speakers, Device Sharing
Hardwires:
Security:
WEP,WPA,WPA2,
RFID
Full form :-radio-frequency identification
Definition:-
RFID is a method of data collection that involves automatically identifying objects through low-power radio waves. Data is sent and received with a system consisting of RFID tags, an antenna, an RFID reader, and a transceiver.
Frequency:
ultra high frequency range(300 to 1000 MHz),RFID applications(433 MHz and 860–960 MHz)
Types:
433 MHz frequency -active tags,
860–960 MHz -passive tags and semi-passive tags.
Range:
100 m
Applications:
Wireless Memory Tag
Hardwires:
Security:
no authentication
Bluetooth
Full form :-
Definition:-
a standard for the short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices.
Frequency:
2.4GHz
Range:
30 feet (10 meters)
Applications:
File Transfer, Voice Call
Hardwires:
Security:
LE Security Mode 1,LE Security Mode 2
IR
Full form :-
infrared radiation
Definition:-
Infrared radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is a spectrum of waves that also includes light. Infrared is also called thermal radiation and is one way in which heat is transferred. Infrared is emitted (given off), absorbed (taken in) and reflected by all objects.
Frequency:
300 GHz — 430 THz
Range:
700nm — 1mm
Applications:
TV Remote
Hardwires:
Security:
can be intercepted
ZIGBEE
Full form :-
Definition:-
Zigbee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard targeted at battery-powered devices in wireless control and monitoring applications. Zigbee builds on the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs).
Frequency:
2.4GHz
Range:
10 to 100 meters
Applications:
communication between sensors
Hardwires:
Security:
128 bit symmetric encryption keys
Television and Radio Broadcasting
Full form :-
Definition:-
Television broadcasting: form of broadcasting in which a television signal is transmitted by radio waves from a terrestrial (Earth based) transmitter of a television station to TV receivers having an antenna.
Frequency:
540–1600 kHz
Range:
50–60 km
Applications:
TV Broadcasting, FM Station
Hardwires:
Security:
Digital encryption technology “scrambles” content provided from programmers to prevent unauthorized viewers from watching pay television services.
Satellite Communication
Full form :-
Science And Technology Enriching Lifelong Leadership In Tomorrow’s Endeavors
Definition:-
Satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Planet.
Frequency:
1–50 gigahertz
Range:
350kilometer
Applications:
television, telephone, radio, internet, GPS
Hardwires:
Security:
asymmetrically keyed encryption
Radar
Full form :-Radio Detection And Ranging
Definition:-
a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of radio waves which are reflected off the object back to the source.
Frequency:
400 MHz to 36 GHz
Range:
sky wave 100–3500 km
surface wave 500 km
Applications:
Air Traffic Control
Hardwires:
Security: ?
GPS
Full form :-Global Positioning System
Definition:-
GPS, or the Global Positioning System, is a global navigation satellite system that provides location, velocity and time synchronization
Frequency:
L1 “1575.42 MHz”
L2 “1227.6 MHz”
L5 “1176 MHz”
Range:
20,200 km
Applications:
Navigation
Hardwires:
Security:
A-code encryption
Cordless Phones
Full form :-
Definition:-
A cordless telephone or portable telephone is a telephone in which the handset is portable but able to be used like landline phone communication, only it operates by radio frequency transmission and not a physical insulated wire, or telephone line.
Frequency:
43–50 MHz
Range:
indoor usage -
50 meter
outdoor usage 300 meters
Applications:
voice communication
Hardwires:
Security:
no security easily intercepted
femtocells
Full form :-
Definition:-
The cellular subscriber connects the femtocell base station to his broadband Internet connection (e.g., cable modem or DSL) via Ethernet. … Typical femtocell base stations transmit 20 mW, which is a thousand times weaker than an outdoor base station and about one-fifth the power of a typical Wi-Fi access point.
Frequency:
1.9 GHz — 2.6 GHz
Range:
20 m — 30 m
Applications:
Wi-Fi calling
Hardwires:
Security:
man in middle attack perform
Repeater
Full form :-
Definition:-
In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction.
Frequency:
VHF 6 meter (50–54 MHz),
2 meter (144–148 MHz),
1.25-meter band (11⁄4 meters) (220–225 MHz)
UHF 70 centimeter (420–450 MHz) bands
Range:
up to 2,500 feet
Applications:
Signal Boosting
Hardwires:
Security:
same Wi-Fi security
Pager
Full form :-
Definition:-
A pager is a very simple radio that listens to just one station all of the time. The pagers listen to the signal from the transmitter constantly as long as the pager is turned on. Each pager has a specific identification sequence called a Channel Access Protocol (CAP) code. The pager listens for its unique CAP code.
Frequency:
Commercial paging 35–36, 43–44, 152–159, 454–460 MHz bands
Range:
10 to 15 square miles
Applications:
messaging
Hardwires:
Security:
messages can be intercepted
